Alcohol abuse information and alcohol statistics

ALCOHOL ABUSE AND DEPENDENCE

DRINKING UPTO 21 UNITS ( FOR MEN ) AND 14 UNITS (FOR WOMEN ) OF ALCOHOL IN A WEEK........

CARRIES NO LONG-TERM HEALTH RISK 

A panoramic range of physical,social and psychiatric problems are related with excessive drinking.Alcohol expend occurs when a enduring is crapulence in a way that regularly causes problems to the enduring or others.

THE PROBLEM DRINKERS is one who causes or experiences physical,psychological and /or ethnic harm as a consequence of crapulence alcohol.Many problem drinkers,while heavy drinkers ,are not physically addicted to alcohol.

THE HEAVY DRINKERS are those who ingest significantly more in terms of quantity and /or frequency than the is innocuous to do so long-term.

BINGE DRINKERS are those who ingest excessively in short bouts ,usually 24-48 hours long, separated by oft times quite lengthy periods of abstinence.Their coverall monthly or weekly beverage intake haw be relatively modest.

ALCOHOL DEPENDENCE  is defined by a fleshly dependence on or addiction to alcohol.The term  "alcoholism " is a confusing one with off-putting connotations of vagrancy "myths " crapulence and social disintegration.It has been replaced by the term " beverage dependence syndrome "

EPIDEMIOLOGY OF ALCOHOL MISUSE 
A analyse of crapulence in England and Wales found that 15%  men admitted crapulence more than 35 units per hebdomad and 4% of women drank more than 25 units per hebdomad .In the analyse 4% of mn and 2% of women reported beverage withdrawal syndroms.

Approximately one in five male admissions to acute medical wards are direct or indirectly due to alcohol.Between 33% and 40% of accident and emergency attenders have blood beverage concentrations above the present UK legal limit for driving.People with serious crapulence problems have a two to three nowadays increased venture of ending compared to members of the general population of the same age and sex.

The customary ingest ( 1 organisation of beverage ;1/2 pint of ordinary beer ,a pub manoeuvre of wine) contains about 8g of absolute beverage and raises the blood beverage concentration by about 15-20mg/dl .That amount is metabolised in 1 hour.

DETECTION
Alcohol expend should be suspected in any enduring presenting with one or more fleshly problems commonly related with excessive drinking.Alcohol expend haw also be related with a number of psychiatric symptoms/disorders and ethnic problems.

APPROXIMATE CORRELATION BETWEEN BLOOD LEVEL AND BEHAVIORAL / MOTOR IMPAIRMENT


RISING BLOO ALCOHOL (mg/dl )      EXPECTED EFFECT

20-99                                        broken coordination,euphoria
199-199                                     Ataxia,poor judgement,labile mood
200-299                                     Marked dyssynergia and                
                                                unintelligible speech,poor judgement,labile mood
                                                nausea and vomiting
300-399                                     Stage 1 anaesthesia.memory lapse,labile
                                                mood
400 +                                         Respiratory failure,coma,death 

COMMON ALCOHOL         -                 RELATED PSYCHOLOGICaL AND SOCIAL PROBLEMS

PSYCHOLOGICAlL                               SOCIAL

Depression                     -               Marital and sexual difficulties
Anxiety                            -            Family problems
Memory disturbances          -            Child abuse
Personality disturbances       -           Employment problems
Delirium tremens                 -            Financial difficulties
Attempted slayer                -            Accidents at home ,on the roads,at work
Pathological jealousy            -           Delinquency and crime
                                       -            Homelessness

Although not every of these definitions take current and on-going ingest of alcohol as a qualifier for alcoholism, whatever do, as well as remarking on the long-term effects of consistent, heavy alcohol use, including dependency and symptoms of withdrawal.

While the ingestion of alcohol is, by definition, necessary to develop alcoholism, the ingest of alcohol does not prognosticate the development of alcoholism. The quantity, frequency and regularity of alcohol activity required to develop drunkenness varies greatly from person to person. In addition, although the biological mechanisms underpinning drunkenness are uncertain, whatever risk factors, including ethnic environment, stress, mental health, transmitted predisposition, age, ethnicity and gender hit been identified.Also, studies indicate that the equilibrium of men with alcohol dependence is higher than the equilibrium of women, 7% and 2.5% respectively, although women are more vulnerable to long-term consequences of alcoholism. Around 90% of adults in United States consume alcohol, and more than 700,000 of them are treated daily for alcoholism.

GUIDELINES

• The patients frequency of crapulence and quantity inebriate during a typical week should be established.Alcohol consumption can be assessed on the foundation of units of alcohol.

• Drinking upto 21 units of beverage a week for men and 14 units for women carries no long-term health risk. 
• Thers is implausible to be some long-term health damage with 21-35 units (men) and 14-25 units (women )provided the crapulence is spread throughout the week .

• Beyond 36 units a week in men and 24 units a week in women,damage to health becomes increasingly likely.
• Drinking above 50 units a week in men (35 units in women) is a expressed health hazard.

DIAGNOSTIC MARKERS OF ALCOHOL MISUSE
Labratory parameters indicating beverage expend are often called markers of past beverage misuse.Elevated glutamyl transpeptidase and mean corpuscular volume haw indicate beverage excess in the last few weeks.Blood or respite beverage are multipurpose tests in anyone suspected of very past drinking.

CAUSES

GENETICS

Genes that haw be involved in drunkenness hit not been identified. A sort of studies of twins and adoptions support the idea that biology haw be involved in alcoholism. In one study, identical male twins, raised in separate environments, shared patterns of beverage use, including dependence. Another think showed a continued probability of drunkenness in male siblings born into boozer families but adopted into soft families.

BIOLOGY
Research notes that Chinese, Japanese, and Koreans with a deficiency or absence of beverage dehydrogenase (a liver enzyme) run to ingest less and are at lower venture for alcoholism. Because their livers do not fortuity down alcohol, these grouping experience vomiting, flushing, and increased heart evaluate and don't ingest as often. Researchers hope to provide a biological account for the low frequency of drunkenness in Jews who consume a large turn of alcohol. Other groups are at an increased venture for alcoholism. Native Americans (a population with a broad frequency of alcoholism) mostly don't embellish intoxicated as quickly as other races and so haw run to ingest more.

Environment, Psychology, and Culture
Gender, family history, and parenting influence crapulence behavior. A substantially higher sort of men than women shout alcohol; some estimate the ratio to be as broad as 5:1. However, the sort of women who drink, abuse, and embellish interdependent on beverage is rising. Studies indicate that up to 25% of sons of boozer fathers module develop beverage shout or dependence ...... read more