Drug abuse (especially pain killers and tranquilizers ) can lead to mental illness

 DRUG ABUSE AND DEPENDENCE

Drug abuse has a Brobdingnagian range of definitions related to attractive a psychoactive take or action enhancing take for a non-therapeutic or non-medical effect. All of these definitions imply a negative sentiment of the take use in discourse (compare with the term responsible take use for alternative views). Some of the drugs most often related with this term allow alcohol, amphetamines, barbiturates, benzodiazepines, cocaine, methaqualone, and opium alkaloids. Use of these drugs may lead to criminal penalty in addition to possible physical, social, and psychological harm, both strongly depending on topical jurisdiction.Other definitions of take abuse start into four main categories: open upbeat definitions, mass communication and vernacular usage, medical definitions, and semipolitical and criminal official definitions.

CAUSES OF DRUG MISUSE

There is no single cause of drug misuse and/or dependence.Three factors appear commonly in a similar way to alcohol problem:

The availability of drugs.
A vulnerable personality.
Sociall pressures,particularly peers.

Once regular drug taking is established, pharmalogical factors are particularly important in determining dependence.

COMMONLY USED DRUGS OF MISUSE AND DEPENDENCE

STIMULANTS

Methylphenidate
Phenmetrazine.
Phencyclidine (angel dust )
Cocaine..
Amfetamine derivatives.
Ectasy (MDMA)

NARCOTICSMorphine
Heroin.
Codeine
Pethidine
Methadone

HALLUCINOGENSCannabis preparations
Solvents
LSD
Mescaline

TRANQUILIZERSBarbiturates
Benzodiazepines

SOLVENTSOne proportionality of adolescents in the UK sniff solvents for their intoxicating effects.Tolerance develops over weeks or months.Intoxication is defined by euphoria,exitement,a floating sensation,dizziness,slurred speech and ataxia.Acute intoxication crapper drive amnesia and visual hallucinations. About 300 teenagers die apiece assemblage from asphyxiation or acute poisoning.

AMFETAMINES AND RELATED SUBSTANCESThese hit temporary stimulant and euphoriant efects that are followed by tedium and incurvation with the latter sometimes prolonged for weeks.Psychological rather than true physical dependency is the rule with " speed ".In addition to a wild -like presentation, amfetamines crapper produce a psycho psychosis indistinguishable from acute psycho schizophrenia.

ECTASY Ectasy is the street study for 3,4 methylenedioxy -methamfetamine (MDMA ),a psychedelic phenylisopropylamine,synthesized as an amfetamine derivative .It is a psychodelic take which is ofttimes utilised as a " dance" take at " raves".It has a short continuance of action  ( 4-6 ) hours .There is grounds that repeated use of MDMA crapper drive imperishable neurotransmitter changes in the brain.Deaths hit been reportable from malignant hyperpyrexia and dehydration.Acute renal and liver unfortunate crapper occur.

COCAINEis acentral troubled system stimulant ( with kindred effects to amfetamines) derivative from Erythroxylum bush trees grown in he Andes.In pure form it haw be condemned by mouth,sniffed or injected.If cocaine hydrochloride is converted to its humble ( crack ) it crapper be smoked.This causes an intense stimulating effect and free-basing is common.Compulsive use and dependency ocur more frequently among users who are free-basing .Dependent users take large doses and alternate between the retraction phenomena of depression,trmor and muscle pains,and the hyperarousal produced by increasing doses.Prolonged use of broad doses produces irritability,restlessness,paranoid ideation and occasionall convulsions.Persistent sniffing of the take crapper drive perforation of the nasal septum.Overdoses causes death through myocardial infarction ,hyperthermia and arrythmias.

HALLICINOGENIC DRUGSThese drugs such as lysergic Elvis diethyl-lamide (LSD) and mescaline,produce distortions and intensifications of sensory perceptions as substantially as frank hallucinations in acute intoxication.Psychosis is a long constituent complication.

CANNABISis a take widely utilised in some subcultures.It is derivative from the Cannabis sativa.It crapper drive tolerance and dependency .The drug,when preserved sems to hyerbolise the preceding mood,be it depression,euphoria or anxiety .A amotivational syndrome has been reportable with chronic daily use.There is disagreement over whether it crapper produce a psychosis.

TRANQUILLIZERSDrugs causing  dependency  include barbiturates and benzodiazepines.Its ordinary and haw be latrogenic.When the drugs are prescribed and not discontinued.Discontinuing treatment with benzodiazepines haw cause retraction symptoms .For this reson ,withdrawal should be supervised and gradual.

OPIATESPhysical dependency occurs with anodyne ,heroin and codeine as well as synthetic and semisynthetic opiates much as methadone and pethidone.These substances display cross-tolerance-the retraction personalty of digit are low by administration of digit the others.The psychological personalty of much substances is of a calm,slightly euphoric feeling related with freedom from physical discomfort and a flattening of emotive response.This is believed to be due to the attachment of anodyne and its analogues to receptors sites in the CNS normally occupied by endorphins.Tolerance to this group of drugs is rapidly matured and marked,but is rapidly lost mass abstinence.The opiate retraction syndrome consists of a constellation of signs and symptoms,that reaches peak intensity on the ordinal day after the last dose of he opiate.These rapidly fall over the next 7 days.Withdrawal is dangerous in patients with heart disease or other chronic enfeebling conditions.
Opiate addicts have a relatively broad mortality rate, owing to both the assist of accidental overdose and the blood-borne infections related with shared needles.
Heart disease ( including unhealthful endocarditis ) , tuberculosis and AIDS? are ordinary causes of death,while tetanus,malaria and the complications of hepatitis B and C are also common.

OPIATES WITHDRAWAL SYNDROME

12 - 16 HOURS AFTER LAST DOSE OF OPIATEYawning
Rhinorrhoea
Lacrimation
Pupilary dilation
Sweating
Piloerection
Restlessness

24 - 72 HOURS AFTER LAST DOSE OF OPIATESMuscular twitches
Aches and pains
Abdominal cramps
Vomiting
Diarrhoea
Hypertension
Insomnia
Anorexia
Agitation
Profuse sweating
Weight loss................ read more

Drug abuse treatment